8 Best Specialties in Surgical Technology
Discover the most in-demand career paths for Surgical Technologists.
According to the Association of Surgical Technologists (ASI), during World War II, the overwhelming need for perioperative personnel gave rise to the earliest form of the surgical technologist. Army medics in mobile surgical units and Navy corpsmen aboard combat ships stepped in to sterilize instruments, prepare patients, and assist surgeons under extreme and often primitive conditions. These pioneers became the first operating room technicians, laying the foundation for a distinct allied health profession.
Today, surgical technologists remain indispensable members of the surgical team, working under a surgeon’s supervision to ensure the safe and efficient conduct of procedures. Just as physicians specialize in a specific field of medicine, Surgical Technologists can also specialize in a specific field of surgery. A growing number of Surgical Technologist specialties allow you to focus on a particular area of medical surgery—like obstetrics or neurology. To learn more about pursuing this career, see our guide on how to become a Surgical Technologist.
List of Specialties
Let’s explore eight of the most popular specialties, some of the responsibilities each requires, and the skillsets that may be beneficial to each role.
- Cardiovascular Surgical Technologist
- Neurosurgical Technologist
- Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist
- Orthopedic Surgical Technologist
- Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist
- Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist
- Urological Surgical Technologist
1. Cardiovascular Surgical Technologist
What is a Cardiovascular Surgical Technologist?
A Cardiovascular Surgical Technologist is a specialized member of the surgical team who focuses on procedures involving the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels. Working under the supervision of cardiovascular surgeons, these technologists play a vital role in both lifesaving and life-enhancing surgeries.
What Does a Cardiovascular Surgical Technologist Do?
These professionals support cardiovascular surgeons before, during, and after complex procedures such as open-heart surgeries, valve repairs, heart transplants, and the placement of pacemakers, defibrillators, or stents. In addition to assisting in the operating room, they may conduct diagnostic tests and operate specialized equipment to monitor heart and lung function. Common responsibilities include:
- Preparing patients for cardiovascular procedures and answering their questions
- Setting up and sterilizing the cardiovascular operating room (CVOR)
- Assisting with preoperative care and patient transport
- Handing instruments and supplies to surgeons during procedures
- Operating and maintaining diagnostic imaging and monitoring equipment
- Monitoring patients’ vital signs during surgery
- Transporting patients to recovery areas and ensuring proper postoperative care
Where Do Cardiovascular Surgical Technologists Work?
According to the BLS, most Cardiovascular Technologists work in state, local, and private hospitals (77%). The next largest segment of these technologists works in doctor’s offices (12%) with smaller numbers in outpatient care centers (3%) and medical and diagnostic laboratories (2%).
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to be a Surgical Technologist?
A strong background in anatomy, physiology, physics, and mathematics is valuable preparation for this field. According to the BLS, successful cardiovascular surgical technologists must combine strong communication skills to clearly explain procedures and share findings with healthcare teams, with meticulous attention to detail to capture subtle differences in imaging. They rely on excellent hand–eye coordination to maneuver equipment precisely, physical stamina to stand for long periods and assist patients, and advanced technical skills to operate complex diagnostic machinery and computerized instruments effectively.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become a Surgical Technologist?
Most cardiovascular surgical technologists complete an associate or bachelor’s degree in surgical technology or cardiovascular technology. Many employers require professional certification, such as the Certified Cardiographic Technician (CCT) credential from Cardiovascular Credentialing International (CCI), to demonstrate competency and commitment to the field. Continuing education is often necessary to maintain certification and stay current with advances in cardiovascular surgery.
2. Neurosurgical Technologist
What is a Neurosurgical Technologist?
A Neurosurgical Technologist is a specialized surgical technologist who assists neurosurgeons and perioperative teams in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, spinal column, and peripheral nerves. They play a critical role in complex surgical procedures that address injuries, diseases, and disorders of the nervous system. For those fascinated by the intricacies of the brain and spine, this specialty offers the opportunity to work at the forefront of life-changing—and often life-saving—medicine.
What Does a Neurosurgical Technologist Do?
These technologists are vital before, during, and after neurosurgical procedures. They help prepare patients and operating rooms, ensure sterile conditions, and assist neurosurgeons with the precise instruments and techniques required in delicate neurological surgeries. Their responsibilities may include:
- Assisting neurosurgeons during brain, spinal, and peripheral nerve surgeries
- Participating in specialized neurological procedures and treatments
- Setting up, organizing, and sterilizing the operating room for each procedure
- Managing instrument, sponge, and sharp counts to ensure patient safety
- Maintaining a sterile field and monitoring compliance with infection-control protocols
- Documenting patient information and surgical details in medical records
Where Do Neurosurgical Technologists Work?
Most neurosurgical technologists work in large hospitals, academic medical centers, and specialty surgical facilities. Operating rooms (ORs) in these environments are equipped with advanced technology for brain and spine surgeries. It’s important to note that in the field of neurosurgery, the use of hybrid-ORs for different applications is increasing, according to the NIH. Hybrid-ORs provide imaging capabilities, thereby increasing surgical precision, and reducing the need for postoperative imaging and correction surgeries.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become a Neurosurgical Technologist?
The BLS reports that essential qualities for all types of Surgical Technologists must combine excellent communication skills with physical stamina, fine motor dexterity, attention to detail, and the mental resilience needed to perform effectively in high-pressure, fast-paced surgical environments.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become a Neurosurgical Technologist?
Most neurosurgical technologists begin by earning a certificate or associate degree in surgical technology from an accredited college or vocational school. After graduation, many employers require certification as a Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) through the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA). Ongoing continuing education helps technologists maintain certification and stay current with evolving neurosurgical techniques and technology.
3. Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist
What is an Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist?
An Obstetric and Gynecological (OB/GYN) Surgical Technologist—sometimes called an OB/GYN Technician—assists physicians, nurses, and midwives in providing surgical and perioperative care during labor, delivery, and other women’s health procedures. This specialty is especially rewarding for those who want to support patients through one of life’s most significant experiences—welcoming a child—and who value a blend of technical skill and compassionate care.
What Does an Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist Do?
OB/GYN surgical technologists are an essential part of the delivery and surgical team, providing hands-on support before, during, and after childbirth. They assist in both routine deliveries and emergency procedures, such as Cesarean sections, ensuring that mothers and newborns receive the highest quality care. Responsibilities often include:
- Preparing patients for labor, delivery, or surgical procedures
- Assisting physicians and nurses during childbirth and obstetric surgeries
- Setting up, sterilizing, and maintaining delivery and operating rooms
- Handling surgical instruments and maintaining a sterile field
- Updating patient records and performing basic clerical tasks
- Transporting patients and newborns to recovery areas
- Offering reassurance and answering patient questions
Where Do Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologists Work?
According to the BLS, most surgical technologists work in hospitals (about 69%), with smaller numbers in physicians’ offices (11%) and outpatient care centers (11%). OB/GYN surgical technologists typically work in hospital labor and delivery units, operating rooms, and birthing centers, where they collaborate closely with obstetricians, nurses, and other maternal-care specialists.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become an Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist?
OB/GYN surgical technologists must combine technical expertise with exceptional interpersonal skills. Empathy, emotional resilience, and the ability to stay calm under pressure are essential, as childbirth can be both joyful and medically complex. Attention to detail, superior communication skills, and strong organizational abilities are equally important to ensure safe, efficient care for mothers and newborns.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become an Obstetric and Gynecological Surgical Technologist?
Most OB/GYN surgical technologists complete a certificate or associate degree in surgical technology from an accredited college or vocational school. Coursework often includes anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and sterile techniques. After graduation, many employers require certification as a Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) through the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA). Continuing education helps technologists maintain certification and remain current on best practices in maternal and surgical care.
4. Orthopedic Surgical Technologist
What is an Orthopedic Surgical Technologist?
An Orthopedic Surgical Technologist is a specialized member of the surgical team who supports orthopedic surgeons and other healthcare providers in diagnosing, treating, and repairing injuries or conditions of the musculoskeletal system. This includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. The role blends surgical assistance, patient care, and technical skills—making it an appealing choice for those interested in sports medicine, trauma care, and injury recovery.
What Does an Orthopedic Surgical Technologist Do?
Orthopedic surgical technologists work alongside surgeons during procedures such as fracture repairs, joint replacements, and arthroscopic surgeries. They also assist with preoperative and postoperative care, patient education, and medical documentation. Common responsibilities include:
- Assisting orthopedic surgeons during operating room procedures
- Applying and removing casts, splints, and traction equipment
- Educating patients about their injury, recovery process, or upcoming surgery
- Completing medical documentation and updating patient records
- Managing and tracking surgical instruments, supplies, and inventory
- Preparing the operating room and ensuring a sterile environment
Where Do Orthopedic Surgical Technologists Work?
According to the BLS, most surgical technologists are employed in hospitals (69%), physicians’ offices (11%), and outpatient care centers (11%). Orthopedic surgical technologists often work in hospital surgical units, orthopedic specialty hospitals, sports medicine clinics, and private orthopedic practices. They may also assist in ambulatory surgery centers for minimally invasive orthopedic procedures.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become an Orthopedic Surgical Technologist?
This specialty requires exceptional manual dexterity, technical skill, and attention to detail. Orthopedic surgical technologists must be able to work under pressure, communicate clearly with patients and surgical team members, and adapt quickly to changes during procedures. Compassion, physical stamina, and the ability to educate patients effectively on their recovery process are also essential.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become an Orthopedic Surgical Technologist?
According to Zippia, many orthopedic surgical technologists complete a bachelor’s degree (39.1%) or an Associate’s degree (28.5%) in surgical technology from an accredited college or vocational school, followed by specialized training in orthopedics. Certification from the National Board for Certification of Orthopaedic Technologists (NBCOT), which grants the Orthopaedic Technologist Certified (OTC) credential, can expand employment and advancement opportunities in the field.
5. Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist
What is an Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist?
An Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist works alongside ophthalmologists—physicians who specialize in medical and surgical eye care—to assist in diagnosing and treating eye diseases, vision disorders, and injuries. This specialty is well suited for surgical technologists who are fascinated by the complexities of vision and eye health, and who want to play a direct role in helping patients preserve or restore sight.
What Does an Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist Do?
These technologists provide both clinical and surgical support to ophthalmologists. They prepare patients for exams and procedures, assist during eye surgeries, and help manage the specialized instruments required for delicate ophthalmic operations. Administrative and patient education duties are also common. Typical responsibilities include:
- Assisting ophthalmologists during surgical procedures such as cataract removal, glaucoma treatment, and corneal transplants
- Performing and recording diagnostic eye exams, including visual acuity and tonometry tests
- Educating patients about proper at-home eye care and post-surgical instructions
- Administering prescribed eye medications under supervision
- Instructing patients on the use and care of corrective lenses
- Preparing, sterilizing, and maintaining surgical instruments and equipment
- Taking detailed patient medical histories and managing scheduling
- Updating and maintaining electronic health records (EHR/EMR)
Where Do Ophthalmic Surgical Technologists Work?
Ophthalmic surgical technologists are most often employed in ophthalmology practices, outpatient surgery centers, and hospital operating rooms. In these settings, they may assist with both routine procedures and emergency eye surgeries. Work environments are typically well-lit, clean, and require strict adherence to infection-control protocols due to the delicate nature of eye surgery.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become an Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist?
According to the BLS, Ophthalmic Surgical Technologists—like all surgical technologists—must demonstrate strong communication to relay critical information during procedures, meticulous attention to detail to ensure the correct sterile instruments are provided, and dexterity to handle equipment quickly and precisely. They also rely on integrity to maintain ethical standards, active listening to respond accurately to surgeon requests, physical stamina to stand for long operations, and stress-management skills to perform effectively in the high-pressure environment of complex reconstructive surgeries.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become an Ophthalmic Surgical Technologist?
While a high school diploma or GED is the minimum requirement, most ophthalmic surgical technologists complete a formal Ophthalmic Technician (OT) program accredited by the International Council of Accreditation (ICA). These programs often include coursework in anatomy, medical terminology, ophthalmic optics, and diagnostic testing. Graduates may pursue professional certification, such as the Certified Ophthalmic Technician (COT) credential, to enhance employment prospects and demonstrate advanced competency.
6. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist
What is a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist?
A Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist is a specialized surgical team member who assists plastic surgeons in both aesthetic and reconstructive procedures. Reconstructive surgery can be vital for restoring function, improving appearance, and supporting patients in their recovery from injuries, congenital conditions, or medical treatments such as mastectomy. This career path is well-suited for individuals who want to blend technical surgical skill with compassionate, patient-centered care during moments of profound physical and emotional transformation.
What Does a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist Do?
These technologists work closely with surgeons before, during, and after surgery to ensure safe, sterile, and efficient procedures. They prepare operating rooms, manage surgical instruments, and provide direct assistance to surgeons during complex cases. In reconstructive surgery—such as breast reconstruction after mastectomy, cleft lip and palate repair, or trauma repair—they play a critical role in patient recovery and confidence. Common responsibilities include:
- Preparing the operating room by arranging and sterilizing surgical supplies, instruments, and equipment
- Assisting patients as they prepare physically and emotionally for surgery
- Supporting surgeons during reconstructive and aesthetic procedures
- Monitoring and documenting patient vital signs during surgery under supervision
- Passing instruments, arranging suture materials, and operating suction devices during procedures
- Maintaining a sterile field and ensuring infection-control protocols are followed
- Performing administrative tasks such as updating patient records and logging surgical supplies used
Where Do Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologists Work?
According to the BLS, most surgical technologists are employed in hospitals (69%), physicians’ offices (11%), and outpatient care centers (11%). This statistic underscores the prevalence of hospital-based work for surgical technologists, especially in specialties like plastic and reconstructive surgery, where access to sophisticated equipment and interdisciplinary teams is essential.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist?
The BLS suggests that important qualities for Surgical Technologists, including those in plastic and reconstructive surgery, must communicate effectively to alert the team to any issues during procedures, remain detail-oriented to provide the correct sterile instruments, and use dexterity to handle equipment quickly and accurately. They are trusted to act with integrity, listen carefully to surgeon instructions, and maintain the physical stamina needed for long operations. In the high-pressure environment of the operating room, strong stress-management skills are essential to ensure patient safety and procedural success.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Technologist?
Most employers require candidates to complete a certificate or associate degree program in surgical technology, typically lasting one to two years. These programs, accredited by organizations such as the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP) or the Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools (ABHES), combine classroom instruction in anatomy, physiology, medical terminology, and surgical theory with hands-on clinical training. After graduation, employers may require the Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) credential from the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA), and additional specialty training in trauma care can enhance career opportunities.
7. Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist
What is a Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist?
A Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist is a specially trained surgical professional who assists physicians, nurses, and trauma teams in treating patients with serious injuries or sudden medical emergencies. These technologists work in fast-paced, high-pressure environments where every second matters, helping to stabilize patients and prepare them for life-saving procedures. This role is ideal for individuals who thrive under pressure, have excellent technical skills, and are committed to making a difference in critical moments.
What Does a Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist Do?
In emergency situations, trauma surgical technologists play a critical role in supporting rapid diagnosis, stabilization, and surgical intervention. They work under the supervision of emergency physicians and trauma surgeons to assist with patient care before, during, and after urgent procedures. Common responsibilities include:
- Assisting physicians and nurses in assessing trauma patients and prioritizing care
- Supporting immediate life-saving measures, such as bleeding control, airway management, and fracture stabilization
- Preparing patients for emergency surgery and answering questions when possible
- Setting up and maintaining a sterile operating environment in emergency rooms or operating rooms
- Operating and maintaining specialized diagnostic equipment, such as electrocardiographic (ECG) monitors
- Monitoring patient conditions and accurately updating medical records
- Transporting patients to and from operating rooms, recovery units, and critical care areas
Where Do Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologists Work?
Most trauma and emergency surgical technologists work in hospital operating rooms, particularly in trauma centers and emergency departments. They may also work in ambulatory and Level I trauma centers—facilities equipped to provide the highest level of emergency surgical care—they are often part of multidisciplinary trauma teams that respond immediately to critical injuries.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become a Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist?
Emergency Surgical Technologists acquire the knowledge and skills to assist with urgent care, such as immediate splinting, rapid measures to control bleeding, and cleansing abrasions and puncture wounds. Essential qualities include the ability to work well in emergency situations and remain calm and attentive. Additionally, Emergency Technologists should be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become a Trauma and Emergency Surgical Technologist?
This specialty demands the ability to stay calm, focused, and decisive in high-pressure situations. Similar to all Surgical technologists, those specializing in Trauma must communicate effectively to alert the team to any issues during procedures, remain detail-oriented to provide the correct sterile instruments, and use dexterity to handle equipment quickly and accurately. They are trusted to act with integrity, listen carefully to surgeon instructions, and maintain the physical stamina needed for long operations. In the high-pressure environment of the operating room, strong stress-management skills are essential to ensure patient safety and procedural success. Additionally, training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS) is essential, with many employers preferring candidates who also have advanced trauma training.
8. Urological Surgical Technologist
What is a Urological Surgical Technologist?
A Urological Surgical Technologist is a specialized surgical team member who works alongside urologists, nurses, and other healthcare professionals to prepare patients for urological procedures and assist during surgery. These technologists ensure that all necessary equipment and instruments are ready and available for procedures involving the urinary tract, bladder, kidneys, and related organs. This specialty serves patients of all ages, from children with congenital conditions to adults managing chronic illnesses or undergoing surgical treatment.
What Does a Urological Surgical Technologist Do?
Urological surgical technologists play an important role in both routine and complex urological procedures. While many surgeries require catheterization during and after the procedure, their duties extend well beyond this task. Common responsibilities include:
- Assisting physicians during surgeries such as prostatectomy, kidney stone removal, bladder repair, and minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures
- Performing various catheterizations and educating patients on post-procedure care
- Instructing patients in the care and maintenance of urological appliances, such as catheters or ostomy devices
- Preparing and maintaining surgical instruments, supplies, and endoscopic equipment
- Reviewing patient charts and accurately updating medical records
- Obtaining urine specimens for diagnostic purposes
- Assisting during cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, and other endoscopic procedures
- Ensuring the operating room is sterile, organized, and ready for each case
Where Do Urological Surgical Technologists Work?
Urological surgical technologists may be employed in hospitals, outpatient surgery centers, or private urology practices. In hospital settings, they often work in operating rooms or specialized urology departments, while those in private practices assist with in-office procedures and patient education. Outpatient surgical centers frequently employ technologists for same-day urological procedures, including endoscopic and minimally invasive surgeries.
What Skills and Qualities Are Needed to Become a Urological Surgical Technologist?
Urological surgical technologists must combine technical skill with strong interpersonal abilities. They need excellent communication and listening skills to work effectively with patients and surgical teams, manual dexterity to handle delicate instruments, and the ability to remain calm and precise in fast-paced environments. Compassion and empathy are essential when caring for patients undergoing intimate or sensitive procedures.
What are the Educational Requirements Needed to Become a Urological Surgical Technologist?
Becoming a urological surgical technologist typically requires completing a certificate or associate degree in surgical technology from an accredited program. Training includes coursework in anatomy, sterilization techniques, infection prevention, and the use of surgical tools and equipment. Many employers may require the Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) credential from the National Board of Surgical Technology and Surgical Assisting (NBSTSA), and additional specialty training in urology can enhance career opportunities.
Explore Surgical Technology Programs and Specializations
Choosing a specialization in surgical technology is more than selecting a career path—it’s choosing the type of impact you want to make in the operating room and in patients’ lives. By exploring each specialty, you can match your strengths, interests, and career goals with the field that inspires you most, whether that’s saving lives in trauma care, restoring confidence through reconstructive surgery, or supporting cutting-edge cardiovascular procedures.
If you’re ready to take the first step toward this rewarding profession, consider the Surgical Technology program at Brookline College. Our accelerated curriculum allows you to earn your associate degree in as little as 90 weeks, with hands-on labs and real-world simulations that prepare you for the demands of the operating room. With the right training, you’ll graduate ready to excel in your chosen specialty and make a lasting difference in the lives of your patients.
